Four port devices can be realized by joining two 3 port devices via the appropriate ports. As system performance requirements become more demanding, new design approaches must be adopted. These include Faraday rotation devices and phase shift circulators. The bandwidth and isolation limitations of 3 port devices are overcome through a distributed architecture that enables more ferrite material to be incorporated into the transmission path, thereby achieving an increase in the biasing magnetic field. Phase shift circulators can be designed to handle higher RF power than 3-port devices.
Differential Phase Shift Circulator withintegrated heatsink assembly
Four port duplexor assemblywith dummy load
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Teledyne Lincoln Microwave 4 port differential phase shift circulators are typically configured with Port 4 terminated by a load, in order to operate as a high power circulator. When configured with 2 loads the device can also be used as a high power isolator.
Close attention has to be given to the generation of harmonics and third order intermodulation products that occur when non-linear elements such as ferrite materials and mechanical imperfections are introduced into transmission lines. Ferrite selection and fabrication are critical, as is designing to minimize the requirement for supplementary tuning elements within the waveguide.
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